Surveillance for Zika virus infection, microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome

Zika virus transmission is primarily vector-borne, mainly via Aedes mosquitoes. The virus can also be found in various body fluids and transmission by sexual contact has also been reported. Aedes aegypti, the principal vector, is found in tropical and subtropical climates and adapts well to urban areas, living in and around human habitations. The areas affected by Zika virus lie within areas affected by dengue and chikungunya, which are also transmitted by Aedes mosquitos. Zika virus disease is usually mild with non-specific signs and symptoms: fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain.